Norsk Hydro

Mining has negative environmental implications and degrades water quality¹. Aluminium mining generates effluent that contains heavy metals, which pollute water and persist in the environment^2;p37,3. Organisms absorb these contaminants which bioacc...

In 2021, global alumina production reached 141.5 million tonnes, with world bauxite production around 390 million tonnes^1,2. Both Alumina and Bauxite are used to produce Aluminium^1,2. About 4 t of bauxite produces 2 t of alumina, producing 1 t of ...

Metals and minerals are inorganic substances found in the Earth's crust and a fundamental part of our everyday life^2,3,1;p1. They are used in the building of our homes and schools, for the generation of heat and electricity, and as crucial parts o...

Industrial air emissions can contain harmful substances such as nitrous oxides (NOx) and sulphur oxides (SOx)¹. Exposure to these pollutants has been associated with lung diseases, cancer, blood poisoning, cardiac diseases, infant mortality etc^2;p...

To ensure strong institutions and the well-being of society, governments spend a considerable amount of the state's budget on public goods and services, which are funded by taxes paid by individuals and corporations¹. Corporate taxes accounted for...

In 2022, approximately 3.4 billion (Bn) individuals were employed worldwide¹. Employment is essential for eradicating poverty and contributing to economic growth². It contributes to security in the workplace, builds social protection for families,...

Discrimination causes loss of self-esteem and confidence, hopelessness, and isolation¹. An inclusive workforce can engage employees, leading a path to individual empowerment^2;p6. People are discriminated against on various grounds such as race, et...

Annually, the world generates 2 billion tonnes (t) of solid municipal waste¹. About 40% of the waste generated globally is managed improperly, dumped, or openly burned, while only 14% is recycled². Waste sent to landfills often contributes to glob...

As of 2020, global forest cover 4.06 billion (Bn) hectares (ha)^1;p10. Forests play a significant role in conserving biodiversity². Mining activities alter landscapes, significantly impacting biodiversity³. Mining was responsible for 7% of global f...

The protection of fundamental human rights prevents forced labor, allows association freedom, and provides workplace safety¹. About 40.3 million (Mn) people are subjected to modern slavery, of which 24.9 Mn face forced labor². Further, around 2 Mn...